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Submarine warfare represents China's most critical naval vulnerability, experts warn, as Beijing expands its carrier fleet amid gaps in undersea detection capabilities that could prove catastrophic in a regional conflict.
The US defence bill for 2027 reflects unprecedented bipartisan agreement on countering China through Taiwan military assistance, supply chain reshoring and artificial intelligence controls, reshaping Indo-Pacific strategic competition.
South Korea's defence ministry has released a draft bill underpinning its nuclear submarine programme, featuring explicit non-proliferation pledges and streamlined procurement processes to accelerate development.
Japan is methodically expanding security partnerships across the Indo-Pacific through defence assistance and infrastructure investment, crafting an alternative to direct US-China confrontation while carefully avoiding explicit anti-China messaging that might alienate regional partners.